Boiler-furnace



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. D. S. RICHARDSON.

BOILER FURNAGE. v

Patented Nov. 20, 1894.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

1). s; RICHARDSON. BOILER FURNACE.

No. 529,409. Patented Nov. 20, 1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Osman.

vDIVIGHT S. RICHARDSON, OF BROOKLYN, NE\V YORK.

BOILER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,409, dated November20, 1894.

Application filed September 5, 1894:- Serial No. 522,204. (No model.)

To on whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DWIGHT S. RICHARD- SON, of Brooklyn, in the countyof Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Boiler-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to improvements in furnaces, such as areparticularly adapted for steam boiler heating, the objects of theinvention being primarily to secure a more complete combustion andutilization of the products of combustion, resulting in a higherefficiency of the boiler for a given expenditure of fuel and in theemission or escape of a less quantity of the heavy products ofcombustionwhich form obnoxious smoke.

The invention consists in certain novel details of construction andcombinations and arrangements of parts all as will be now described andpointed out particularly in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinalsection through a furnace setting showing my present invention. Fig. 2is a transverse section through the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection. Figs. 4c and 5 are sections on the lines 4-4 and 5-5respectively.

Like letters of reference in the several figures denote the same parts.

One of the main factorsin securing a complete and economical combustionof fuel resulting in the liberation of the maximum heat, is thesupplying of a proper quantity of air at the right points and at therighttemperatnre. The proper temperature at which the air should besupplied in accordance with the theory upon which my present inventionis based is approximately that of combustion or flame (about 800Fahrenheit) for, when air at this temperature is supplied, its volume isgreatly expanded and in condition to at once unite with the productswithout in the slightest degree deadening the combustion. This hot airshould be supplied to the fuel, and also to the gaseous products ofcombustion given off from the fuel, ata point or points above or beyondthe fuel bed, and the quantity supplied at each point in order to securethe best results, must be proportioned and regulated according to thestate of the fire, the character of the fuel, &c.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, it will be seen that I haveattained the desired ends by utilizing the bridge wall and the, chamberback of the same for heating both the air supply for the ash pit andthat for the fire chamber above the bed of fuel, the two supplies beingpractically independent and independently controlled, whereby themaximum efficiency may be secured with the fire at any stage, and withany kind of fuel.

The letterAin said drawings indicates the boiler which may be of anydesired type or style; B, the side walls of the setting; 0, the grate;D, the hollow bridge wall, and E the chamberin rear of the bridge wallthrough which the products of combustion pass around to the flues at theend of the boiler.

The hollow bridge wall, as shown, is quite large, enabling a large bodyof air to be heated to a very high degree. The interior of the bridgewall is divided into independent compartments by vertical partitions (Zand the central'and larger compartment so formed has an exit opening F,leading directly into the ash pit below the grate and is designed tosupply air to the under side of the body of fuel, while the sidecompartments are connected through laterally and forwardly extendingducts G with exit slits or apertures g in the fire chamber above thegrate. These exit slits or apertures preferably extend from front torear of the fire chamber and are arranged at alternately differentlevels. Thus the air projected in through the slits on one side of thefire chamber does not strike that entering from the opposite side, butcauses a thorough and complete commingling of the air supply and gaseousproducts, thereby very greatly promoting combustion.

For supplyingair to the bridge wall, I preferably extend ducts orconduits H it back from the bridge wall through the chamber in rearthereof and turn the rear ends of the conduits or ducts down toapproximately the level of the ash pit in order to secure a naturaldraft when the fire is started and to prevent the backward movement ofthe gaseous products. These fresh air supply ducts it will be noted arein position to receive the downwardly radiant heat from the products ofcombustion passing beneath the boiler and hence the air in its forwardpassage to the bridge wall is heated to a greater or less extent-, andwhen it enters the bridge wall will not cool the same sufficiently toinjure either the structure itself or cause a retardation of thecombustion.

As a convenient means for regulating the quantity of air passing throughthe several ducts I have shown a series of ordinary draft doors Mlocated at the entrance openings to the ducts, although it will beunderstood that I do not wish to be confined to such devices as anyregular mechanism may be employed, and the air may be brought in a ductor ducts from a distance if so desired, the parts illustrated beingsimply those parts immediately connected with the invention. So too, itis obvious that the form of the bridge wall and grate may be changed tosuit the particular style of the setting or the ideas of the builderwithout departing from my invention, it only being essential thatindependent hot air supplies brought forward through the compartments inthe bridge wall to the ash pit and fire chamber respectively, should beprovided.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In a boilerfurnace, the combinationwith the grate separating the fire chamber and ash pit, of the hollowbridge wall in rear of the grate having independent internalcompartments, air supply passages leading to said compartments from theexternal air, an air exit from one of said compartments into the ash pitand exit ducts leading from the compartments not open to the ash pit,and discharging into the fire chamber above the grate; substantially asdescribed.

2. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate separating thefire chamber and ash pit, of the hollow bridge wall in rear of the gratehaving an air exit into the ash pit, of a fresh air duct extendingforward from the rear of the furnace setting and opening into the bridgewall, and fresh air d ucts independent of said first mentioned ductextending forward of the bridge wall and opening into the fire chamberabove the grate; substantially as described.

3. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate separating thefire chamber and ash pit and the hollow bridge wall having independentinternal compartments and an air exit from one of said compartments intothe ash pit, of independent fresh air ducts extending forward from therear of the furnace setting and opening into the respectivecornpartments in the bridge wall, and ducts leading from thecompartments not open to the ash pit, forward and discharging into thefire chamber above the grate with dampers for controlling the supply ofair above and below the grate respectively; substantially as described.

4. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate, and hollowbridge wall in rear of the same having an air exit opening into the ashpit below the grate, of a series of independent fresh air ducts passingthrough the combustion chamber in rear of the hollow bridge wall, saidducts supplying air respectively to the hollow bridge wall and to thefire chamber above the grate and means for independently controlling thepassage of air through the ducts; substantially as described.

5. In aboiler furnace, the combination with the grate and hollow bridgewall in rear ofthe same having the independent internal compartmentswith an opening from the central compartment into the ash pit below thegrate, of ducts extending from the end compartments forward above thelevel of the grate and having exit openings into the fire chamber, theseries of independent fresh air supply ducts passing forward through thechamber in rear of the bridge wall and opening into the compartmentsrespectively and dampers for independently controlling the flow of airthrough the ducts;substantially as described.

6. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate, hollow bridgewall in rear of the same and a fresh air duct opening into said bridgewall, of hot air ducts leading from the bridge wall along each side ofthe fire chamber above the grate. said ducts having exit openings intothe said fire chamberarranged alternately at different levels;substantially as described.

7. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate, and the hollowbridge wall in rear of the same separated into independent compartmentsand having a hot air exit opening leading from the center compartmentinto the ash pit below the grate, of ducts leading from the endcompartments within the walls of the setting forward and discharginginto the fire chamber above the grate and independently controlled airsupply ducts leading to the compartments in the hollow wallrespectively; substantially as described.

8. In a boiler furnace, the combination with the grate and the hollowbridge wall in rear of the same separated into independent compartmentsand having a hotair exit from the center compartment into the ash pitbelow the grate, of ducts leading from the end compartments laterallyinto the setting wall and forward with exit openings into the firechamber above the grate, and independently controlled fresh air ductsleading forward through the chamber in rear of the bridge wall andopening into the bridge wall compartments respectively; substantially asdescribed.

DWIGHT S. RICHARDSON.

Witnesses:

A. B. RICHARDSON, L. RICHARDSON.

IIS

